Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a frightening, overwhelming, or life-threatening event—such as an accident, assault, natural disaster, or sudden loss. PTSD can affect mood, sleep, concentration, and relationships, and may interfere with daily functioning if left untreated. 

At Park Psychological Services, we provide trauma-informed care through psychotherapy and, when appropriate, medication management to help individuals regain stability, reduce symptoms, and rebuild a sense of safety. 

The Four Categories of PTSD Symptoms 

PTSD symptoms may appear shortly after a traumatic event or emerge months or years later. They vary widely from person to person, but generally fall into four main categories:

1. Intrusive Symptoms

Unwanted, distressing memories or images of the traumatic event. These may show up as flashbacks, nightmares, or moments when it feels as if the event is happening again. 

2. Avoidance

Deliberately avoiding reminders of the trauma—whether places, people, conversations, or internal cues (thoughts or feelings) associated with the event. 

3. Negative Changes in Thoughts and Mood

Persistent feelings of shame, guilt, fear, or detachment. Individuals may struggle with self-blame, difficulty recalling aspects of the trauma, or a reduced interest in activities they once enjoyed.

4. Increased Arousal and Reactivity

Heightened startle response, irritability, difficulty sleeping, hypervigilance, or feeling “on edge.” These symptoms reflect the body remaining alert long after the danger has passed. 

A PTSD diagnosis typically requires symptoms from each category lasting longer than one month and causing meaningful distress or impairment. PTSD can also co-occur with anxiety disorders, depression, substance use, adjustment disorders, or other trauma-related conditions. 

Risk Factors 

PTSD can affect anyone, though certain factors may increase risk, including: 

• A history of trauma or chronic stress 
• Lack of supportive relationships during or after a traumatic experience 
• Personal or family history of mental health conditions 
• Experiencing intense fear, helplessness, or dissociation during an event 
• Exposure to repeated or prolonged trauma 

Protective factors include supportive relationships, coping skills, and early access to mental-health care. 

Trauma-Focused Treatment at Park Psychological Services

For individuals experiencing ongoing trauma-related symptoms, treatment can make a meaningful difference. At Park Psychological Services, we offer psychotherapy tailored to each patient’s needs. 

Medication Management 

Medication does not “erase” traumatic memories, but it can help reduce symptoms such as depression, anxiety, irritability, and sleep disruptions. Our therapists collaborate closely with your psychiatric providers (if you have one) to ensure coordinated, whole-person care. 

Psychotherapy for PTSD 

Psychotherapy—especially trauma-focused treatment—is a central component of care. At Park Psych, our therapists draw from several evidence-based modalities, which may include: 

Exposure-Based Approaches 

These therapies help individuals gradually and safely confront reminders of the trauma, reducing avoidance and re-establishing a sense of control. 

Cognitive Restructuring 

This approach focuses on identifying and shifting unhelpful beliefs (such as guilt, shame, or self-blame) that often develop after trauma. Patients learn to view the event and its impact with greater clarity and self-compassion. 

Other Trauma-Informed Modalities 

Therapists at Park Psych also incorporate relational, psychodynamic, mindfulness-based, and skills-focused interventions depending on each patient’s needs and preferences. Some clinicians offer specialized trauma trainings such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). 

When to Seek Treatment 

If trauma-related symptoms continue to affect your mood, sleep, relationships, work, or ability to feel safe, reaching out for support can be an important first step. PTSD is highly treatable, and with the right care, individuals often experience significant relief and improvement. 

To schedule an appointment or learn more about trauma-focused therapy or medication management, please contact Park Psychological Services, New York, NY at (917) 473-1423, or request an appointment online through our secure portal.